What Are the Causes of Menstrual Cramps?

During menstruation, uterine contractions occur to help shed the uterine lining. However, excessive contractions and the overproduction of chemicals called prostaglandins can increase pain. Menstrual cramps are divided into two types:

• Primary Dysmenorrhea: Painful periods that occur without an underlying condition, usually starting from the first menstrual cycles.
• Secondary Dysmenorrhea: Menstrual pain caused by health issues such as endometriosis, fibroids, or uterine adhesions.

Symptoms of Menstrual Cramps

• Pain in the pelvic and lower abdominal area
• Pain radiating to the back and legs
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
• Headache and fatigue

How to Relieve Menstrual Cramps?

• Heat Application: Applying a hot water bottle to the abdomen relaxes the muscles and reduces pain.
• Light Exercise: Activities such as walking or yoga may reduce cramps.
• Dietary Care: Avoiding caffeine, salt, and sugar may lessen the severity of pain.
• Pain Relievers: Painkillers (ibuprofen, naproxen) taken under medical advice may help ease the pain.
• Birth Control Pills: May be prescribed under medical supervision to reduce menstrual cramps.
• Herbal Teas: Ginger, chamomile, and fennel tea may help relieve cramps with their soothing effects.

When Should You See a Doctor?

• If the pain affects daily life
• If it does not improve despite medication
• If severe pain occurs outside of menstruation
• If there is menstrual irregularity, heavy bleeding, or pain during intercourse

Severe menstrual cramps may be a sign of conditions such as endometriosis or fibroids. Therefore, regular gynecological check-ups and medical supervision are important. Consulting a specialist is always the best approach for a pain-free menstrual period.