The Use of Hysteroscopy in Gynecological Diseases: A Modern Method in Diagnosis and Treatment

Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical method used in the diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine diseases. Compared to traditional open surgeries, it offers a more comfortable and faster recovery process. It plays an effective role in both diagnosing and treating many gynecological problems.

What is Hysteroscopy?

Hysteroscopy is a procedure that uses a thin, lighted camera system to examine the inside of the uterus and, if necessary, perform surgical interventions.

• Diagnostic Hysteroscopy: Performed to evaluate the uterus and detect abnormal conditions.
• Operative Hysteroscopy: Used to treat problems such as polyps, fibroids, or adhesions.

The procedure is performed through the vagina and cervix; no external incision is made.

Indications for Hysteroscopy

1. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
   • Irregular or heavy periods, postmenopausal bleeding.
   • Biopsy can be taken or treatment applied directly.
2. Diagnosis and Treatment of Fibroids and Polyps
   • Submucous fibroids and endometrial polyps can be removed.
   • The uterus is preserved without open surgery.
3. Intrauterine Adhesions (Asherman’s Syndrome)
   • Adhesions after curettage, infection, or surgery can be treated.
   • Helps with irregular menstruation and infertility issues.
4. Congenital Uterine Anomalies
   • Structural problems such as septum (uterine partition) can be corrected.
5. Infertility and Recurrent Miscarriages
   • Intrauterine problems can be detected as possible causes of unexplained infertility or miscarriage.
6. IUD (Intrauterine Device) Problems
   • Displaced or lost IUDs can be safely removed.
7. Endometrial Biopsy and Sampling
   • Tissue can be collected from the uterine lining for early diagnosis.
   • Particularly important in suspected cancer cases.

Advantages of Hysteroscopy

• ✅ No external incision, no scars.
• ✅ Same-day discharge is possible.
• ✅ Less pain and bleeding risk.
• ✅ Fertility is preserved.
• ✅ Very short or no hospitalization required.

How is Hysteroscopy Performed?

The procedure is usually performed in a hospital under mild anesthesia.

1. Preparation: Local or general anesthesia if needed.
2. Insertion: The hysteroscope is guided through the vagina and cervix.
3. Visualization: The uterine cavity is expanded with fluid and displayed on a monitor.
4. Diagnosis and Treatment:
   • For diagnosis: observation and biopsy.
   • For treatment: removal of fibroids or polyps, release of adhesions.
5. Completion: The hysteroscope is withdrawn, and the patient rests.

Duration:
Diagnostic hysteroscopy: 5–10 minutes
Operative hysteroscopy: 20–30 minutes

Recovery Period

1. First Days

• Mild cramping, spotting, or discharge may occur.
• Most patients return to daily activities in 1–2 days.

2. Sexual Activity and Exercise

• Sexual intercourse is usually safe after 5–7 days.
• Avoid strenuous exercise for 1 week.

3. Warning Signs

• 🚨 Excessive bleeding, fever, or foul-smelling discharge require medical attention.

Who is Not Suitable for Hysteroscopy?

• 🚫 Active pelvic infection
• 🚫 Suspected uterine cancer
• 🚫 Pregnancy

Conclusion

Hysteroscopy is a safe, effective, and fertility-preserving modern gynecological procedure. If you suffer from irregular bleeding, fibroids, polyps, or infertility, consult a gynecologist for detailed information about this method. 🩺 Reminder: Early diagnosis is the key to a healthy life.